Navigating innovations and Indigenous tourism: Insights from a systematic literature review in a four-decade journey of exploration

Indigenous tourism plays a crucial role in sustainable development, cultural heritage preservation, and social equity. However, the integration of innovation in Indigenous tourism remains fragmented and underexplored. This research employs the Theory, Context, Characteristics, and Methodology (TCCM) framework to systematically review 131 studies from major academic databases, offering the first comprehensive analysis of innovations in Indigenous tourism. The findings highlight China as a leading contributor in this field, emphasizing incremental innovations and their social and economic impacts. Despite progress, critical areas such as well-being, education, community empowerment, and environmental impacts remain underrepresented. To address these shortcomings, the study proposes ten propositions to advance theoretical and practical understanding in the sector. These insights guide future research and policy-making, strengthening Indigenous tourism's capacity to foster sustainable development, protect cultural heritage, and empower communities while addressing existing challenges in implementing innovations.